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Masaoka Shiki
, pen-name of Masaoka Noboru (正岡 升),〔Natsume Sōseki. ''Ten nights of dream, Hearing things, The heredity of taste''. Tuttle, 1974. p11〕 was a Japanese poet, author, and literary critic in Meiji period Japan. Shiki is regarded as a major figure in the development of modern haiku poetry.〔Beichman, Preface, p. i〕 He also wrote on reform of ''tanka'' poetry.〔
Some consider Shiki to be one of the four great haiku masters, the others being Matsuo Bashō, Yosa Buson, and Kobayashi Issa.〔Burton, Watson. Introduction. ''Masaoka Shiki: selected poems'', (p. 5 )〕
==Early life==
Shiki, or rather Tsunenori (常規) as he was originally named,〔Frédéric, Louis. ''Japan encyclopedia''. Harvard University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5. p 613〕 was born in Matsuyama City in Iyo province (present day Ehime prefecture) to a samurai class family of modest means.〔 As a child, he was called Tokoronosuke (処之助); in adolescence, his name was changed to Noboru (升). His father, Tsunenao (正岡常尚),〔(Official website of the ''Shiki-an'' ), Shiki's Tokyo residence, page (in Japanese)〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Image Index: Matsuyama City, Ehime )〕 was an alcoholic who died when Shiki was five years of age,〔 but his mother, Yae,〔Beichman, p. 27〕 was a daughter of Ōhara Kanzan, a Confucian scholar.〔 Kanzan was the first of Shiki's extra-school tutors, and at the age of 7 the young boy began reading Mencius under his tutelage.〔 Shiki later confessed to being a less-than-diligent student.〔Beichman, p. 4〕
At age 15 Shiki became something of a political radical, attaching himself to the then-waning Freedom and People's Rights Movement and getting himself banned from public speaking by the principal of Matsuyama Middle School, which he was attending.〔Beichman, pp. 7–8〕 Around this time he developed an interest in moving to Tokyo and did so in 1883.〔Beichman, pp. 8-9〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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